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Can US afford cost of clean-energy protectionism in race for AI capabilities?_我的网站

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    Illustration: Liu Xiangya/GT
Recent media reports have questioned whether a natural gas plant built to power an Amazon data center project in Texas could become the largest climate polluter in the US. The controversy, whatever the eventual outcome, offers a reality check for America's artificial intelligence (AI) drive. 
It exposes a growing contradiction: The US is racing to expand its AI capabilities, yet its protectionist trade policies are making it harder and more costly to access some of the clean-energy technologies needed to sustain that expansion. This raises a broader question: Can an energy-intensive AI race afford the costs of renewable energy protectionism?
The US is entering a new era of rising electricity demand. Data centers, the backbone of the AI economy, are emerging as one of the fastest-growing sources of power consumption. Much of that demand is still being met by fossil fuels: The International Energy Agency reports that natural gas supplies more than 40 percent of the electricity used by data centers in the US, making it their largest source of power. 
So, it's not surprising that the expansion of data centers has raised concerns over their environmental impact and the pressure they could place on local power systems and electricity bills. A Gallup survey conducted in March found that seven in 10 Americans opposed the construction of AI data centers in their local area, including 48 percent who strongly opposed such projects.
The findings point to a broader challenge for the US: The race to develop AI is increasingly becoming a race to meet growing energy needs. Addressing this challenge will require more than advances in computing technology; it will also depend on an energy system capable of delivering large amounts of reliable, affordable and cleaner power. That, in turn, will require faster development and broader deployment of clean-energy technologies, from solar power to energy storage.
Yet in the clean-energy sector, the US has increasingly relied on protectionist trade measures that limit access to cost-competitive products from global markets. The country has placed greater emphasis on expanding domestic manufacturing capacity, but rebuilding entire clean-energy supply chains at home is a costly and time-consuming process. Even if expanded domestic production is achieved, it is likely to come at a higher cost, making the deployment of renewable technologies more expensive and potentially slower.
The solar industry offers a clear illustration of this policy direction. The US has continued to expand trade barriers in the sector. Reuters reported that the US government announced on Thursday a series of price floors and a 15 percent tariff on products made from polysilicon, a raw material used in solar panels.
The challenge lies in the limited scale of the US polysilicon industry. Reuters reported that the country has two polysilicon factories. Against this backdrop, relying on domestic polysilicon production while restricting access to imports runs counter to the goal of expanding solar power in the US. The country risks creating barriers that ultimately constrain its own access to the global supply chains needed for growth.
The pressing issue for the US is the speed at which new power demand is emerging. The expansion of data centers is creating electricity needs that cannot wait for domestic clean-energy capacity to develop gradually. Global supply chains can provide the scale and speed required in the near term. By narrowing access to these sources, the US risks turning clean-energy policy into a drag on the infrastructure needed for its AI race.
The US has placed AI high on its economic and technological agenda. The outcome of this race will matter greatly, as financial markets are also watching whether America can turn its AI efforts into commercial success.
This leaves the US with a difficult choice: Can it afford the cost of clean-energy protectionism while racing to build AI infrastructure? The answer may be no. Trade barriers that limit access to competitive renewable technologies could ultimately become a constraint on the AI expansion that Washington is seeking to accelerate.
The author is a reporter with the Global Times. [email protected]

。    AI摘要      一韩国非居民企业因在华服务超183天构成常设机构，误享中韩税收协定免税待遇。经税务核查与辅导，该企业主动更正申报，补缴企业所得税及滞纳金约13.4万元。         近期，税务部门在税收协定待遇后续管理工作中，查处一起非居民企业错误享受税收协定待遇案件。一家韩国非居民企业来华提供设备安装服务，因对境内服务期限判断失误，违规享受协定免税待遇，经税务辅导后主动更正申报，补缴企业所得税及滞纳金合计约13.4万元。    2025年，这家韩国非居民企业为境内某材料科技有限公司提供设备安装服务，并派遣工作人员入境开展业务。业务开展期间，企业自行判定符合条件，委托境内合作企业申报享受中韩税收协定营业利润免税待遇。2026年3月，税务部门开展非居民企业税收协定待遇后续管理，在仔细核查业务合同、人员出入境记录等资料后发现，该企业在境内实际提供服务时间累计超过183天，已构成境内常设机构，不再满足免税适用条件。    经过税务人员的政策宣讲与精准辅导，该企业认清涉税风险，主动完成更正申报，并补缴企业所得税及滞纳金。

二 |     案例点睛     《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》第三条第二款规定，非居民企业在中国境内设立机构、场所的，应当就其所设机构、场所取得的来源于中国境内的所得，以及发生在中国境外但与其所设机构、场所有实际联系的所得，缴纳企业所得税。    根据《中华人民共和国政府和大韩民国政府关于对所得避免双重征税和防止偷漏税的协定》规定，“常设机构”一语包括：缔约国一方企业通过雇员或者雇用的其他人员，在缔约国另一方为同一个项目或相关联的项目提供的劳务，包括咨询劳务，仅以在任何12个月中连续或累计超过6个月的为限。    本案中，韩国企业境内服务时长超183天，已构成常设机构，对应收入应在中国缴纳企业所得税，不能适用营业利润免税条款。（记者 林春长 通讯员 胡书伟 许静婷）。

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